Professor Christine Charles

Position	Professor
Department	Nuclear Physics & Accelerator Applications
Research group	Space plasma power and propulsion group
Office phone	(02) 612 58068
Email
Office	John Carver 3 18

Publications

Book chapter

Faunce T, Charles C
Nanotechnology, Plasma, Hydrogen from Artificial Photosynthesis, and Fuel cells: Powering the Developing World to the Sustainocene
Nanotechnology Toward the Sustainocene
Pan Stanford Publishing, Singapore (2015) 241-257

Charles C
Children of the stars, plasma is the fourth state of matter
Light & Matter
University of Sydney, Australia (2011) 27-41.

(2 publications)

Journal article

Leigh S, Doyle S, Smith G, Gibson A, Boswell R, Charles C, Dedrick J
Ionization and neutral gas heating efficiency in radio frequency electrothermal microthrusters: The role of driving frequency
Physics of Plasmas 31, 2(2024) 023509

Caldarelli A, Filleul F, Boswell R, Charles C, Rattenbury N, Cater J
Data processing techniques for ion and electron-energy distribution functions
Physics of Plasmas 30, 4(2023)

Caldarelli A, Filleul F, Charles C, Boswell R, Cater J, Rattenbury N
Effects of magnetic nozzle strength and orientation on radio-frequency plasma expansion
Plasma Sources Science and Technology 32, 7(2023)

Filleul F, Caldarelli A, Takahashi K, Boswell R, Charles C, Cater J, Rattenbury N
Helicon waves in a converging-diverging magnetoplasma
Plasma Sources Science and Technology 32, 11(2023)

Takahashi K, Charles C, Boswell R
Enhanced diamagnetism by energetic tail electrons in a magnetized plasma
Physical Review Research 5, 2(2023)

Takahashi K, Charles C, Boswell R, Emoto K, Takao Y, Hara S, Nakano H, NAGAOKA K, TSUMORI K
Magnetic Nozzle Radiofrequency Plasma Systems for Space Propulsion, Industry, and Fusion Plasmas
Plasma and Fusion Research 18(2023) 10

Takahashi K, Boswell R, Charles C
Wave-driven electron inward transport in a magnetic nozzle
Scientific Reports 12(2022)

Filleul F, Caldarelli A, Charles C, Boswell R, Rattenbury N, Cater J
Characterization of a new variable magnetic field linear plasma device
Physics of Plasmas 28, 12(2021) 1-12

Filleul F, Sutherland O, Cipriani F, Charles C
"BepiColombo: A Platform for Improving Modeling of ElectricPropulsion-Spacecraft Interactions"
Frontiers in Space Technologies 2(2021)

Tsifakis D, Charles C, Boswell R
Comparison of submillinewton thrust measurements between a laser interferometer and a load cell on a pendulum balance
Frontiers in Space Technologies 2, 27 April 2021(2021)

Cairns I, Charles C, Dempster A, Funamoto J, Cheong J, Peacock W, Lam J, Osborne B, Andrew W, Croston T, Southwell B, Boswell R, Monger A, Tsifakis D
The INSPIRE-2 CubeSat for the QB50 Project
Space Science Reviews 216, 40(2020) 1-31

Doyle S, Bennet A, Tsifakis D, Dedrick J, Boswell R, Charles C
Characterization and Control of an Ion-Acoustic Plasma Instability Downstream of a Diverging Magnetic Nozzle
Frontiers in Physics 8, 24(2020) 1-11

Doyle S, Gibson A, Boswell R, Charles C, Dedrick J
Decoupling ion energy and flux in intermediate pressure capacitively coupled plasmas via tailored voltage waveforms
Plasma Sources Science and Technology 29, 12(2020)

Dudas E, Suas-David N, Brahmachary S, Kulkarni V, Benidar A, Kassi S, Charles C, Georges R
High-temperature hypersonic Laval nozzle for non-LTE cavity ringdown spectroscopy
Journal of Chemical Physics 152, 13(2020) 1-13

Takahashi K, Charles C, Boswell R, Ando A
Thermodynamic Analogy for Electrons Interacting with a Magnetic Nozzle
Physical Review Letters 125, 16(2020) 1-5

Tsifakis D, Charles C, Boswell R
An Inductively-Coupled Plasma Electrothermal Radiofrequency Thruster
Frontiers in Physics 8, 34(2020) 1-10

Tsifakis D, Charles C, Boswell R
Naphthalene as a cubesat cold gas thruster propellant
Frontiers in Physics 8, 389(2020) 1-8

Bennet A, Charles C, Boswell R
Field-aligned Boltzmann electric triple layer in a low-pressure expanding plasma
Plasma Sources Science and Technology 28, 6(2019) 1-5

Bennet A, Charles C, Boswell R
Non-local plasma generation in a magnetic nozzle
Physics of Plasmas 26, 7(2019) 1-9

Doyle S, Gibson A, Boswell R, Charles C, Dedrick J
Control of electron, ion and neutral heating in a radio-frequency electrothermal microthruster via dual-frequency voltage waveforms
Plasma Sources Science and Technology 28, 3(2019) 1-15

Doyle S, Gibson A, Boswell R, Charles C, Dedrick J
Inducing locally structured ion energy distributions in intermediate-pressure plasmas
Physics of Plasmas 26, 7(2019)

Ho T, Charles C, Boswell R
Current-Free Electric Double Layer in a Small Collisional Plasma Thruster Nozzle Simulation
Frontiers in Physics 7, 200(2019) 1-8

Bennet A, Charles C, Boswell R
Selective radial release of hot, magnetised electrons downstream of a low-pressure expanding plasma
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 51, 37(2018) 1-7

Bennet A, Charles C, Boswell R
In situ electrostatic characterisation of ion beams in the region of ion acceleration
Physics of Plasmas 25, 2(2018) 1-8

Bennet A, Charles C, Boswell R
Separating the location of geometric and magnetic expansions in low-pressure expanding plasmas
Plasma Sources Science and Technology 27, 7(2018) 1

Doyle S, Gibson A, Flatt J, Ho T, Boswell R, Charles C, Tian P, Kushner M, Dedrick J
Spatio-temporal plasma heating mechanisms in a radio frequency electrothermal microthruster
Plasma Sources Science and Technology 27, 8(2018) 17

Ho T, Charles C, Boswell R
Performance modelling of plasma microthruster nozzles in vacuum
Journal of Applied Physics 123, 17(2018) 1-15

Ho T, Charles C, Boswell R
Redefinition of the self-bias voltage in a dielectrically shielded thin sheath RF discharge
Journal of Applied Physics 123, 19(2018) 1-15

Levchenko I, Bazaka K, Ding Y, Raitses Y, Mazouffre S, Henning T, Klar P, Shinohara S, Schein J, Garrigues L, Boswell R, Charles C
Space micropropulsion systems for Cubesats and small satellites: From proximate targets to furthermost frontiers
Applied Physics Reviews 5, 1(2018) 1-36

Liang W, Charles C, Raymond L, Stuchbery A, Surakitbovorn K, Gu L, Boswell R, Rivas-Davila J
An integrated RF power delivery and plasma micro-thruster system for nano-satellites
Frontiers in Physics 6, 115(2018) 1-9

Takahashi K, Charles C, Boswell R, Ando A
Adiabatic Expansion of Electron Gas in a Magnetic Nozzle
Physical Review Letters 120, 4(2018) 5

Takahashi K, Charles C, Boswell R, Ando A
Demonstrating a new technology for space debris removal using a bi-directional plasma thruster
Scientific Reports 8(2018) 1-10

Charles C, Liang W, Raymond L, Davila J, Boswell R
Vacuum Testing of a miniaturized Switch Mode Amplifier Powering an Electrothermal Plasma Micro-Thruster
Frontiers in Physics 5, 36(2017) 8

Ho T, Charles C, Boswell R
Neutral gas heating and ion transport in a constricted plasma flow
Physics of Plasmas 24, 8(2017) 084501 1-5

Ho T, Charles C, Boswell R
A Comprehensive Cold Gas Performance Study of the Pocket Rocket Radiofrequency Electrothermal Microthruster
Frontiers in Physics 4, 55(2017) 16

Szili E, Dedrick J, Oh J, Bradley J, Boswell R, Charles C, Short R, Al-Bataineh S
Microplasma Array Patterning of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species onto Polystyrene
Physics of Plasmas 5(2017) 1-12

Takahashi K, Akahoshi H, Charles C, Boswell R, Ando A
High temperature electrons exhausted from rf plasma sources along a magnetic nozzle
AIP Conference Proceedings 24(2017) 5

Zhang Y, Charles C, Boswell R
Density Measurements in Low Pressure, Weakly Magnetized, RF Plasmas: Experimental Veri?cation of the Sheath Expansion Effect
Frontiers in Physics 5(2017) 6.

Zhang Y, Charles C, Boswell R
Cross-field transport of electrons at the magnetic throat in an annular plasma reactor
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 50, 1(2017) 7

Charles C, Bish A, Boswell R, Dedrick J, Greig A, Hawkins R, Ho T
A Short Review of Experimental and Computational Diagnostics for Radiofrequency Plasma Micro-thrusters
Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing 36, 1(2016) 29-44

Charles C, Boswell R, Bish A, Khayms V, Scholz E
Direct Measurement of Axial Momentum Imparted by an Electrothermal Radiofrequency Plasma Micro-Thruster
Frontiers in Physics 4(2016) 6

Greig A, Charles C, Boswell R
Neutral gas temperature estimates and metastable resonance energy transfer for argon-nitrogen discharges
Physics of Plasmas 23, 1(2016)

Hong J, Aramesh M, Shimoni O, Seo D, Yick S, Greig A, Charles C, Prawer S, Murphy A
Plasma Catalytic Synthesis of Ammonia Using Functionalized-Carbon Coatings in an Atmospheric-Pressure Non-equilibrium Discharge
Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing 36, 4(2016) 917-940

Oh J, Strudwick X, Short R, Ogawa K, Hatta A, Furuta H, Gaur N, Hong S, Cowin A, Fukuhara H, Inoue K, Ito M, Charles C, Boswell R
How plasma induced oxidation, oxygenation, and de-oxygenation influences viability of skin cells
Applied Physics Letters 109, 20(2016) 203701

Schroder T, Grulke O, Klinger T, Boswell R, Charles C
Collisionless expansion of pulsed radio frequency plasmas. I. Front formation
Physics of Plasmas 23, 1(2016) 1-11

Schroder T, Grulke O, Klinger T, Boswell R, Charles C
Collisionless expansion of pulsed radio frequency plasmas. II. Parameter study
Physics of Plasmas 23, 1(2016) 1-8

Zhang Y, Charles C, Boswell R
A POLYTROPIC MODEL for SPACE and LABORATORY PLASMAS DESCRIBED by BI-MAXWELLIAN ELECTRON DISTRIBUTIONS
The Astrophysical Journal 829, 1(2016)

Zhang Y, Charles C, Boswell R
Thermodynamic Study on Plasma Expansion along a Divergent Magnetic Field
Physical Review Letters 116, 2(2016) 1-5

Zhang Y, Charles C, Boswell R
Measurement of bi-directional ion acceleration along a convergent-divergent magnetic nozzle
Applied Physics Letters 108, 10(2016) 104101

Zhang Y, Charles C, Boswell R
Characterization of an annular helicon plasma source powered by an outer or inner RF antenna
Plasma Sources Science and Technology 25, 1(2016) 015007 9

Zhang Y, Charles C, Boswell R
Effect of radial plasma transport at the magnetic throat on axial ion beam formation
Physics of Plasmas 23, 8(2016) 083515

Boswell R, Takahashi K, Charles C, Kaganovich I
Non-local electron energy probability function in a plasma expanding along a magnetic nozzle
Frontiers in Physics 3, 14(2015) 1-5

Charles C, Hawkins R, Boswell R
Particle in cell simulation of a radiofrequency plasma jet expanding in vacuum
Applied Physics Letters 106, 9(2015) 093502/1-4

Chatterjee S, Bhattacharjee S, Charles C, Boswell R
Electron energy probability function and L-p similarity in low pressure inductively coupled bounded plasma
Frontiers in Physics 3, 7(2015) 1-9

Greig A, Charles C, Boswell R
Spatiotemporal study of gas heating mechanisms in a radio-frequency electrothermal plasma micro-thruster
Frontiers in Physics 3(2015) 84 1-7

Greig A, Charles C, Boswell R
Simulation of main plasma parameters of a cylindrical asymmetric capacitively coupled plasma micro-thruster using computational fluid dynamics
Frontiers in Physics 2, 80(2015) 1-9

Zhang Y, Charles C, Boswell R
Principle of radial transport in low temperature annular plasmas
Physics of Plasmas 22, 7(2015)

Zhang Y, Charles C, Boswell R
Approximants to the Tonks-Langmuir theory for a collisionless annular plasma
Physical Review E-Statistical, Nonlinear and Soft Matter Physics 92, 6(2015) 63103-63103

Charles C
Grand Challenges in low-temperature plasma physics
Frontiers in Physics 2, 39(2014) 1-5

Charles C, Boswell R, Bish A
Low-Weight Fixed Ceramic Capacitor Impedance Matching System for an Electrothermal Plasma Microthruster
Journal of Propulsion and Power 30, 4(2014) 1117-1121

Dixon S, Charles C, Dedrick J, Gans T, O'Connell D, Boswell R
Observations of a mode transition in a hydrogen hollow cathode discharge using phase resolved optical emission spectroscopy
Applied Physics Letters 105, 1(2014) 014104

Dixon S, Dedrick J, Charles C, O'Connell D, Gans T, Boswell R
Phase resolved imaging of a repetitive extrusion of hydrogen plasma from a hollow cathode source
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 42, 10(2014) 2834-2835

Greig A, Charles C, Boswell R
Plume characteristics of an electrothermal plasma microthruster
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 42, 10(2014) 2728-2729

Greig A, Charles C, Paulin N, Boswell R
Volume and surface propellant heating in an electrothermal radio-frequency plasma micro-thruster
Applied Physics Letters 105, 5(2014) 054102/1-4

Michelmore A, Whittle J, Short R, Boswell R, Charles C
An experimental and analytical study of an asymmetric capacitively coupled plasma used for plasma polymerization
Plasma Processes and Polymers 11, 9(2014) 833-841

Schröder T, Grulke O, Klinger T, Boswell R, Charles C
Collisionless expansion of pulsed rf plasmas
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 47, 5(2014) 1-7

Takahashi K, Charles C, Boswell R, Ando A
Effect of magnetic and physical nozzles on plasma thruster performance
Plasma Sources Science and Technology 23, 4(2014) 044004/1-9

Zhang Y, Charles C, Boswell R
Transport of ion beam in an annular magnetically expanding helicon double layer thruster
Physics of Plasmas 21, 6(2014) 063511/1-5

Charles C, Boswell R, Bishop A
Variable frequency matching to a radiofrequency source immersed in vacuum
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 46, 36(2013) 365203

Charles C, Boswell R, Takahashi K
Boltzmann expansion in a radiofrequency conical helicon thruster operating in xenon and argon
Applied Physics Letters 102, 22(2013) 223510/ 1-4

Charles C, Dedrick J, Boswell R, O'Connell D, Gans T
Nanosecond optical imaging spectroscopy of an electrothermal radiofrequency plasma thruster plume
Applied Physics Letters 103, 12(2013) 124103

Dedrick J, Im S, Cappelli M, Boswell R, Charles C
Surface discharge plasma actuator driven by a pulsed 13.56 MHz-5 kHz voltage waveform
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 46, 40(2013) 405201

Dedrick J, Im S, Cappelli M, Boswell R, Charles C
Induced Flow and Optical Emission Generated by a Pulsed 13.56 MHz-5 kHz Plasma Actuator
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 41, 12(2013) 3275-3278

Dedrick J, O'Connell D, Gans T, Boswell R, Charles C
Formation of spatially periodic fronts of high-energy electrons in a radio-frequency driven surface microdischarge
Applied Physics Letters 102, 3(2013) 5

Dixon S, Charles C, Boswell R
Spatial evolution of EEPFs in a millimetre scale radio frequency argon plume
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 46, 36(2013) 365202

Dixon S, Charles C, Boswell R, Cox W, Holland J, Gottscho R
Interactions between arrayed hollow cathodes
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 46, 14(2013) 9

Greig A, Charles C, Hawkins R, Boswell R
Direct measurement of neutral gas heating in a radio-frequency electrothermal plasma micro-thruster
Applied Physics Letters 103, 7(2013) 074101

Michelmore A, Charles C, Boswell R, Short R, Whittle J
Defining plasma polymerization: New insight into what we should be measuring
ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 5, 12(2013) 5387-5391

Takahashi K, Charles C, Boswell R
Approaching the Theoretical Limit of Diamagnetic-Induced Momentum in a Rapidly Diverging Magnetic Nozzle
Physical Review Letters 110, 19(2013) 5

Takahashi K, Charles C, Boswell R, Ando A
Performance improvement of a permanent magnet helicon plasma thruster
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 46, 35(2013) 352001

Brault P, Caillard A, Charles C, Boswell R, Graves D
Platinum nanocluster growth on vertically aligned carbon nanofiber arrays: Sputtering experiments and molecular dynamics simulations
Applied Surface Science 263(2012) 352-356

Charles C, Boswell R
Measurement and modelling of a radiofrequency micro-thruster
Plasma Sources Science and Technology 21, 2(2012) 022002

Charles C, Boswell R, Takahashi K
Investigation of radiofrequency plasma sources for space travel
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 54, 12(2012) 1-7

Charles C, Takahashi K, Boswell R
Axial force imparted by a conical radiofrequency magneto-plasma thruster
Applied Physics Letters 100, 11(2012) 113504

Dedrick J, Boswell R, Rabat H, Hong D, Charles C
Control of diffuse and filamentary modes in an RF asymmetric surface barrier discharge in atmospheric-pressure argon
Plasma Sources Science and Technology 21, 5(2012) 055016 7

Fruchtman A, Takahashi K, Charles C, Boswell R
A magnetic nozzle calculation of the force on a plasma
Physics of Plasmas 19, 3(2012) 033507

Menzies D, Gengenbach T, Forsythe J, Birbilis N, Johnson G, Charles C, McFarland G, Williams R, Fong C, Leech P, Muir B
One step multifunctional micropatterning of surfaces using asymmetric glow discharge plasma polymerization
Chemical Communications 48, 13(2012) 1907-1909

Takahashi K, Charles C, Boswell R
Current-Free Double Layer in Magnetically Expanding RF Plasmas
Journal of Plasma and Fusion Research 88, 4(2012) 220-227

Takahashi K, Lafleur T, Charles C, Alexander P, Boswell R
Axial force imparted by a current-free magnetically expanding plasma
Physics of Plasmas 19, 8(2012) 083509

Baalrud S, Lafleur T, Boswell R, Charles C
Particle-in-cell simulations of a current-free double layer
Physics of Plasmas 18, 6(2011) 11

Bhattacharjee S, Lafleur T, Charles C, Boswell R
Investigation of effect of excitation frequency on electron energy distribution functions in low pressure radio frequency bounded plasmas
Physics of Plasmas 18, 7(2011) 072102-7

Boswell R, Charles C, Alexander P, Dedrick J, Takahashi K
Plasma Expansion From a Radio Frequency Microdischarge
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 39, 11(2011) 2512-2513

Charles C, Hawkins R, Boswell R
Ion-Current Downstream of a Carbon Dioxide Helicon Double Layer
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 39, 11(2011) 2446-2447

Cox W, Hawkins R, Charles C, Boswell R, Laine R, Perren M
Three-Dimensional Magnetic Field Mapping of the Magnetically Steered Helicon Double-Layer Thruster
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 39, 11(2011) 2460-2461

Dedrick J, Boswell R, Audier P, Rabat H, Hong D, Charles C
Propagation Structure of a 13.56-MHz Asymmetric Surface Barrier Discharge Plasma in Atmospheric-Pressure Air
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 39, 11(2011) 2082-2083

Dedrick J, Boswell R, Audier P, Rabat H, Hong D, Charles C
Plasma propagation of a 13.56 MHz asymmetric surface barrier discharge in atmospheric pressure air
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 44, 20(2011) 8

Lafleur T, Charles C, Boswell R
Electron temperature characterization and power balance in a low magnetic field helicon mode
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 44, 18(2011) 185204-12

Lafleur T, Charles C, Boswell R
Electron-cyclotron damping of helicon waves in low diverging magnetic fields
Physics of Plasmas 18, 4(2011) 043502-12

Lafleur T, Charles C, Boswell R
Characterization of a helicon plasma source in low diverging magnetic fields
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 44 , 5(2011) 055202 11

Lafleur T, Charles C, Boswell R
Characterization of the ion beam formed in a low magnetic field helicon mode
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 44, 14(2011) 13

Lafleur T, Takahashi K, Charles C, Boswell R
Direct thrust measurements and modelling of a radio-frequency expanding plasma thruster
Physics of Plasmas 18, 8(2011) 4

Ling J, Boswell R, Lafleur T, Charles C
Microarcing in a Helicon Plasma Reactor
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 39, 8(2011) 1652-1659

Pottinger S, Lappas V, Charles C, Boswell R
Performance characterization of a helicon double layer thruster using direct thrust measurements
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 44, 23(2011) 5

Sarra-Bournet C, Charles C, Boswell R
Low temperature growth of nanocrystalline TiO₂ films with Ar/O₂ low-field helicon plasma
Surface and Coatings Technology 205, 15(2011) 3939-3946

Sarra-Bournet C, Haberl B, Charles C, Boswell R
Characterization of nanocrystalline nitrogen-containing titanium oxide obtained by N₂/O₂/Ar low-field helicon plasma sputtering
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 44, 45(2011) 8

Takahashi K, Charles C, Boswell R, Fujiwara T
Electron Energy Distribution of a Current-Free Double Layer: Druyvesteyn Theory and Experiments
Physical Review Letters 107, 3(2011) 4

Takahashi K, Lafleur T, Charles C, Alexander P, Boswell R
Electron Diamagnetic Effect on Axial Force in an Expanding Plasma: Experiments and Theory
Physical Review Letters 107, 23(2011) 235001-4

Takahashi K, Lafleur T, Charles C, Alexander P, Boswell R, Perren M, Laine R, Pottinger S, Lappas V, Harle T, Lamprou D
Direct thrust measurement of a permanent magnet helicon double layer thruster
Applied Physics Letters 98, 14(2011) 141503 -1/3

West M, Charles C, Boswell R
Mode Transitions in the Helicon Double-Layer Thruster Prototype Operating in Xenon
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 39, 11(2011) 2468-2469

Charles C
High density conics in a magnetically expanding helicon plasma
Applied Physics Letters 96, 5(2010) 3

Charles C, Cox W, Boswell R, Laine R, Perren M
Experimental investigation of a conical helicon double layer thruster arrangement
Plasma Sources Science and Technology 19, 4(2010) 045003 9

Cox W, Charles C, Boswell R, Laine R, Perren M
Magnetic Ion Beam Deflection in the Helicon Double-Layer Thruster
Journal of Propulsion and Power 26, 5(2010) 1045-1052

Dedrick J, Boswell R, Charles C
Asymmetric surface barrier discharge plasma driven by pulsed 13.56MHz power in atmospheric pressure air
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 43 , 34(2010) 342001 6

Lafleur T, Charles C, Boswell R
Ion beam formation in a very low magnetic field expanding helicon discharge
Physics of Plasmas 17, 4(2010) 043505

Lafleur T, Charles C, Boswell R
Plasma control by modification of helicon wave propagation in low magnetic fields
Physics of Plasmas 17, 7(2010) 073508/1-12

Ling J, West M, Lafleur T, Charles C, Boswell R
Thrust measurements in a low-magnetic field high-density mode in the helicon double layer thruster
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 43, 30(2010) 305203 9

Takahashi K, Charles C, Boswell R, Lieberman M, Hatakeyama R
Characterization of the temperature of free electrons diffusing from a magnetically expanding current-free double layer plasma
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 43, 16(2010) 162001 4

Takahashi K, Charles C, Boswell R, Fujiwara T
Double-layer ion acceleration triggered by ion magnetization in expanding radiofrequency plasma sources
Applied Physics Letters 97, 14(2010) 141503

West M, Charles C, Boswell R
Operating Radio Frequency Antennas Immersed in Vacuum: Implications for Ground-Testing Plasma Thrusters
Journal of Propulsion and Power 26, 4(2010) 892-896

Brault P, Josserand C, Bauchire J, Caillard A, Charles C, Boswell R
Anomalous Diffusion Mediated by Atom Deposition into a Porous Substrate
Physical Review Letters 012, 4 (2009)(2009) 045901 - 4

Caillard A, Charles C, Ramdutt D, Boswell R, Brault P
Effect of Nafion and platinum content in a catalyst layer processed in a radio frequency helicon plasma system
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 42, 045207 (2009) 9

Charles C
Plasmas for spacecraft propulsion
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 42, 163001 (2009) 18

Charles C, Boswell R, Hawkins R
Oblique Double Layers: A Comparison between Terrestrial and Auroral Measurements
Physical Review Letters 103, 095001(2009) 4

Lafleur T, Charles C, Boswell R
Detailed plasma potential measurements in a radio-frequency expanding plasma obtained from various electrostatic probes
Physics of Plasmas 16, 044510(2009) 4

Rabat H, Andreazza C, Brault P, Caillard A, Beguin F, Charles C, Boswell R
Carbon/platinum nanotextured films produced by plasma sputtering
Carbon 47(2009) 209-214

Takahashi K, Charles C, Boswell R, Cox W, Hatakeyama R
Transport of energetic electrons in a magnetically expanding helicon double layer plasma
Applied Physics Letters 94, 191503(2009) 3

West M, Charles C, Boswell R
High density mode in xenon produced by a Helicon Double Layer Thruster
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 42, 24(2009) 245201 9

West M, Charles C, Boswell R
A high sensitivity momentum flux measuring instrument for plasma thruster exhausts and diffusive plasmas
Review of Scientific Instruments 80, 053509(2009) 9

Byhring H, Charles C, Fredriksen A, Boswell R
Double layer in an expanding plasma: Simultaneous upstream and downstream measurements
Physics of Plasmas 15(2008) 102113-1 - 102113-6

Caillard A, Charles C, Boswell R, Brault P
Improvement of the sputtered platinum utilization in proton exchange membrane fuel cells using plasma-based carbon nanofibres
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 41(2008) 1-10

Caillard A, Charles C, Boswell R, Brault P
Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers and Pt-Nanocluster-Based Electrochemical Microsystems by Combining Low-Pressure Helicon Plasma Techniques
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 36, 4(2008) 882-883

Caillard A, Charles C, Boswell R, Brault P
Transport and Deposition of Plasma-Sputtered Platinum Atoms: Comparison Between Experiments and Simulation
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 36, 4(2008) 884-885

Caillard A, Charles C, Boswell R, Meige A, Brault P
Deposition of platinum catalyst by plasma sputtering for fuel cells: 3D simulation and experiments
Plasma Sources Science and Technology 17(2008) 035028 1-17

Charles C, Boswell R
Effect of Exhaust Magnetic Field in a Helicon Double-Layer Thruster Operating in Xenon
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 36, 5(2008) 2141-2146

Charles C, Boswell R, Alexander P, Costa C, Sutherland O, Pfitzner L, Franzen R, Kingwell J, Parfitt A, Frigot P, Del Amo J, Saccoccia G
Operating the Helicon Double Layer Thruster in a Space Simulation Chamber
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 36, 4(2008) 1196-1197

Charles C, Boswell R, Cox W, Laine R, MacLellan P
Magnetic steering of a helicon double layer thruster
Applied Physics Letters 93(2008) 201501-1 - 201501-3

Charles C, Boswell R, Laine R, MacLellan P
An experimental investigation of alternative propellants for the helicon double layer thruster
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 41(2008) 175213 - 1-6

Corr C, Boswell R, Charles C, Zanger J
Spatial evolution of an ion beam created by a geometrically expanding low-pressure argon plasma
Applied Physics Letters 92(2008) 221508-1 - 221508-3

Cox W, Charles C, Boswell R, Hawkins R
Spatial retarding field energy analyzer measurements downstream of a helicon double layer plasma
Applied Physics Letters 93, 071505(2008) 1-3

Cox W, Hawkins R, Charles C, Boswell R
Three-Dimensional Mapping of Ion Density in a Double-Layer Helicon Plasma
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 36, 4(2008) 1386-1387

Gesto F, Charles C, Boswell R
Xenon Ion Beam Detachment From a Helicon Double Layer Thruster
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 36, 4(2008) 1194-1195

Rabat H, Andreazza C, Brault P, Thomann A, Cavarroc M, Tessier Y, Caillard A, Charles C, Boswell R
TCP Plasma Sputtering of Nanostructured Fuel Cell Electrodes
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 36, 4(2008) 872-873

Takahashi K, Charles C, Boswell R, Hatakeyama R
Radial characterization of the electron energy distribution in a helicon source terminated by a double layer
Physics of Plasmas 15, 074505(2008) 1-4

West M, Charles C, Boswell R
Testing a Helicon Double Layer Thruster Immersed in a Space-Simulation Chamber
Journal of Propulsion and Power 24, 1(2008) 134-141

Caillard A, Charles C, Boswell R, Brault P, Coutanceau C
Plasma based platinum nanoaggregates deposited on carbon nanofibers improve fuel cell efficiency
Applied Physics Letters 90, 22(2007) 223119 1-3

Caillard A, Charles C, Boswell R, Brault P
Integrated plasma synthesis of efficient catalytic nanostructures for fuel cell electrodes
Nanotechnology 18(2007) 305603 1-9

Charles C
A review of recent laboratory double layer experiments
Plasma Sources Science and Technology 16(2007) R1-R25

Charles C, Boswell R
The magnetic-field-induced transition from an expanding plasma to a double layer containing expanding plasma
Applied Physics Letters 91, 20(2007) 1-3

Charles C, Ramdutt D, Brault P, Caillard A, Bulla D, Boswell R, Rabat H, Dicks A
Low energy plasma treatment of a proton exchange membrane used for low temperature fuel cells
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 49, 2007(2007) A73-A79

Corr C, Zanger J, Boswell R, Charles C
Ion beam formation in a low-pressure geometrically expanding argon plasma
Applied Physics Letters 91(2007) 241501 1-3

Ramdutt D, Charles C, Hudspeth J, Ladewig B, Gengenbach T, Boswell R, Dicks A, Brault P
Low energy plasma treatment of Nafion membranes for PEM fuel cells
Journal of Power Sources 165(2007) 41-48

Takahashi T, Charles C, Boswell R, Kaneko T, Hatakeyama R
Measurement of the energy distribution of trapped and free electrons in a current-free double layer
Physics of Plasmas 14(2007) 114503 1-4

Aanesland A, Charles C
Plasma expansion from a dielectric electron cyclotron resonance source
Physica Scripta T122(2006) 19-24

Aanesland A, Charles C, Lieberman M, Boswell R
Upstream Ionization Instability Associated with a Current-Free Double Layer
Physical Review Letters 97, 7(2006) 075003-1-4

Aanesland A, Lieberman M, Charles C, Boswell R
Experiments and theory of an upstream ionization instability excited by an accelerated electron beam through a current-free double layer
Physics of Plasmas 13, 12(2006) 122101-1-10

Au V, Charles C, Boswell R
Interface creation and stress dynamics in plasma-deposited silicon dioxide films
Applied Physics Letters 88, 23(2006) 234103-1-3

Au V, Charles C, Boswell R
Comparison of stress in single and multiple layer depositions of plasma-deposited amorphous silicon dioxide
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 39(2006) 164-171

Boswell R, Marsch E, Charles C
The current-free electric double layer in a coronal magnetic funnel
The Astrophysical Journal 640(2006) L199-L202

Brault P, Roualdes S, Caillard A, Thomann A, Mathias J, Durand J, Coutanceau C, Leger J, Charles C, Boswell R
Solid polymer fuel cell synthesis by low pressure plasmas: a short review
European Physical Journal - Applied Physics 34(2006) 151-156

Brault P, Roualdes S, Caillard A, Thomann A, Mathias J, Durand J, Coutanceau C, Leger J, Charles C, Boswell R
Solid Polymer Fuel Cell synthesis by low pressure plasmas: A short review
European Physical Journal - Applied Physics 34(2006) 151-156

Charles C, Boswell R, Lieberman M
Xenon ion beam characterization in a helicon double layer thruster
Applied Physics Letters 89, 26(2006) 261503-1-3

Gesto F, Blackwell B, Charles C, Boswell R
Ion Detachment in the Helicon Double-Layer Thruster Exhaust Beam
Journal of Propulsion and Power 22, 1(2006) 24-30

Lieberman M, Charles C
Theory for Formation of a Low-Pressure, Current-Free Double Layer
Physical Review Letters 97, 4(2006) 045003-1-4

Lieberman M, Charles C, Boswell R
A theory for formation of a low pressure, current-free double layer
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 39, 15(2006) 3294-3304

Aanesland A, Charles C, Boswell R, Frederiksen A
Fluctuation in a Helicon Plasma with Additional Immersed Antenna
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 33, 2(2005) 360-361

Aanesland A, Charles C, Boswell R, Lieberman M
Grounded Radio-frequency Electrodes in Contact with High Density Plasmas
Physics of Plasmas 12, 103505(2005) 1-7

Au V, Charles C, Bulla D, Love J, Boswell R
Thickness-dependent Stress in Plasma-deposited Silicon Dioxide Films
Journal of Applied Physics 97, 8(2005) 084912-1-7

Bulla D, Li W, Charles C, Boswell R, Ankiewicz A, Love J
Low-loss Silica-based Optical Film Waveguides Deposited by Helicon-activated Reactive Evaporation
Journal of Lightwave Technology 23, 3(2005) 1302-1307

Caillard A, Brault P, Mathias J, Charles C, Boswell R, Sauvage T
Deposition and Diffusion of Platinum Nanoparticles in Porous Carbon Assisted by Plasma Sputtering
Surface and Coatings Technology 200, 1-4(2005) 391-394

Caillard A, Brault P, Mathias J, Charles C, Boswell R
Deposition and diffusion of platinum nanoparticles in porous carbon assisted by plasma sputtering
Surface and Coatings Technology 200(2005) 391-394

Charles C
Spatially Resolved Energy Analyzer Measurements of an Ion Beam on the Low Potential Side of a Current-free Double-layer
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 33, 2(2005) 336-337

Charles C
High Source Potential Upstream of a Current-free Electric Double-layer
Physics of Plasmas 12, 4(2005) 044508-1-4

Keesee A, Scime E, Charles C, Meige A, Boswell R
The ion velocity distribution function in a current-free double layer
Physics of Plasmas 12, 093502(2005) 1-7

Li W, Bulla D, Love J, Luther-Davies B, Charles C, Boswell R
Deep Dry-etch of Silica in a Helicon Plasma Etcher for Optical Waveguide Fabrication
Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A 23, 1(2005) 146-150

Meige A, Boswell R, Charles C, Turner M
One-dimensional Particle-in-cell Simulation of a Current-free Double-layer in an Expanding Plasma
Physics of Plasmas 12, 5(2005) 052317-1-10

Meige A, Boswell R, Charles C, Boeuf J, Hagelaar G, Turner M
One-dimensional Simulation of an Ion Beam Generated by a Current-free Double-layer
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 33, 2(2005) 334-335

Proschek M, Yin Y, Charles C, Aanesland A, McKenzie D, Bilek M, Boswell R
The effect of phase difference between powered electrodes on RF plasmas
Plasma Sources Science and Technology 14(2005) 407-411

Sun X, Keesee A, Biloiu C, Scime E, Meige A, Charles C, Boswell R
Observations of ion-beam formation in a current-free doublelayer
Physical Review Letters 95, 025004(2005) 1-4

Sutherland O, Charles C, Plihon N, Boswell R
Experimental evidence of a double layer in a large volume helicon reactor
Physical Review Letters 95, 205002(2005) 1-4

Yin Y, Bilek M, McKenzie D, Charles C, Boswell R
Micro-arcing instability in RF PECVD plasma system
Surface and Coatings Technology 198(2005) 379-383

Yoon Y, Charles C, Boswell R
A comparison between experimental results and a fluid description of a low pressure discharge driven by a double-saddle antenna
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 38(2005) 2825-2829

Aanesland A, Charles C, Boswell R, Frederiksen A
Helicon plasma with additional immersed antenna
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 37, 9(2004) 1334-41

Boswell R, Sutherland O, Charles C, Squire J, Chang Diaz F, Glover T, Jacobson V, Chavers D, Bengtsson R, Bering E, Goulding R, Light M
Experimental evidence of parametric decay processes in the variable specific impulse magnetoplasma rocket (VASIMR) helicon plasma source
Physics of Plasmas 11, 11(2004) 5125-9

Brault P, Caillard A, Thomann A, Mathias J, Charles C, Boswell R, Escribano S, Durand J, Sauvage T
Plasma sputtering deposition of platinum into porous fuel cell electrodes
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 37(2004) 3419-23

Bulla D, Li W, Charles C, Boswell R, Ankiewicz A, Love J
Deposition and Characterization of Silica-Based Films by Helicon-Activated Reactive Evaporation Applied to Optical Waveguide Fabrication
Applied Optics 43, 14(2004) 2978-2985

Charles C
Hydrogen ion beam generated by a current-free double layer in a helicon plasma
Applied Physics Letters 84, 3(2004) 332-4

Charles C, Boswell R
Time development of a current-free double-layer
Physics of Plasmas 11, 8(2004) 3808-3812

Charles C, Boswell R
Laboratory evidence of a supersonic ion beam generated by a current-free helicon double-layer
Physics of Plasmas 11, 4(2004) 1706-14

Yin Y, Bilek M, McKenzie D, Boswell R, Charles C
Micro-arcing instability in radio frequency plasmas
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 37(2004) 2871-2875

Aanesland A, Charles C, Boswell R, Fredriksen A
Sputtering Effects in a Helicon Plasma with an Additional Immersed Antenna
Plasma Sources Science and Technology 12, 1(2003) 85-88

Charles C
Wall Effects on the Chemistry in a Pulsed Oxygen/Silane Radiofrequency Helicon Plasma
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 36(2003) 2076-2082

Charles C, Boswell R
Current-free Double-layer Formation in a High-density Helicon Discharge
Applied Physics Letters 82, 9(2003) 1356-1358

Charles C, Boswell R, Lieberman M
Energy Balance in a Low Pressure Capacitive Discharge Driven by a Double-saddle Antenna
Physics of Plasmas 10, 3(2003) 891-899

Li W, Bulla D, Love J, Luther-Davies B, Charles C, Boswell R
Hydrogen Contamination in Ge-doped SiO₂ Thin Films Prepared by Helicon Activated Reactive Evaporation
Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A 21, 3(2003) 792-796

Smith H, Charles C, Boswell R
Breakdown Behavior in Radio-frequency Argon Discharges
Physics of Plasmas 10, 3(2003) 875-881

Charles C
Effects of Cross Field Diffusion in a Low Pressure High Density Oxygen/Silane Plasma
Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A 20, 4(2002) 1275-1283

Charles C
Role of Ions in SiO₂ Deposition with Pulsed and Continuous Helicon Plasmas
Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, 3(2002) 401-405

Li W, Bulla D, Charles C, Boswell R, Love J, Luther-Davies B
Ge-doped SiO₂ Thin Films Produced by Helicon Activated Reactive Evaporation
Thin Solid Films 419, N1-2(2002) 82-87

Thomann A, Rozenbaum J, Brault P, Andreazza C, Andreazza P, Rousseau M, Estrade-Szwarckopf H, Berthet A, Bertolini J, Cadete Santos Aires F, Monnet F, Mirodatos C, Charles C, Boswell R
Plasma Synthesis of Catalytic Thin Films
Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, 3(2002) 471-474

Sutherland O, Charles C, Boswell R
To Mars and beyond: The Australian plasma thruster
Australian Physics 39, 6(2002) 186-188

Brault P, Thomann A, Rozenbaum J, Andreazza C, Andreazza P, Rousseau M, Estrade-Szwarckopf H, Blondiaux G, Sauvage T, Tessier Y, Berthet A, Bertolini J, Cadete Santos Aires F, Monnet F, Mirodatos C, Charles C, Boswell R
Growth of supported metallic ultrathin films deposited by plasma sputtering
Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A 2, 2000(2000) 35-57

Charles C, Degeling A, Sheridan T, Harris J, Lieberman M, Boswell R
Absolute measurements and modeling of radio frequency electric fields using a retarding field energy analyzer
Physics of Plasmas 7, 12(2000) 5232-5241

Thomann A, Charles C, Cherradi N, Brault P
Electrical characterization of a dc secondary discharge created during plasma sputtering deposition of palladium thin films
Plasma Sources Science and Technology 9, 2000(2000) 176-182

Charles C, Sheridan T, Boswell R
Absolute measurements of rf fields using a retarding field energy analyzer
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering (2000) 228-

Rudakov D, Shats M, Boswell R, Charles C, Howard J
Overview of Probe Diagnostics on the H-1 Heliac
Review of Scientific Instruments 70, 1(1999) 476-479

Shats M, Boswell R, Charles C, Howard J
Overview of probe diagnostics on the H-1 heliac
Review of Scientific Instruments 70, 1 II(1999) 476-479

Charles C, Boswell R
Stress reduction in silicon dioxide layers by pulsing an oxygen/silane helicon diffusion plasma
Journal of Applied Physics 84, 1(1998) 350-354

Charles C, Boswell R
Enhanced deposition rates in plasma sputter deposition
Plasma Sources Science and Technology 7, 3(1998) 245-251

Smith H, Charles C, Boswell R
Pulsing a low pressure radiofrequency discharge
JSME International Journal, Series B: Fluids and Thermal Engineering 41, 2(1998) 424-428

(209 publications)

Conference paper

Caldarelli A, Filleul F, Charles C, Rattenbury N, Cater J
Preliminary Measurements of a Magnetic Steering System for RF Plasma Thruster Applications
AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2021 Forum ?, ?(2021)

Boswell R, Zhang Y, Charles C, Takahashi K
Revisiting the thermodynamics of collisionless plasma expansion in solar magnetic funnels
68th International Astronautical Congress: Unlocking Imagination, Fostering Innovation and Strengthening Security, IAC 2017 ?, ?(2017) 4306-4309

Charles C, Ho T, Pascale A, Charoy T, Bennet A, Stuchbery A, Boswell R, Liang W, Raymond L, Rivas-Davila J
The pocket rocket electro-thermal plasma thruster for 'CubeSat' nano-satellites
68th International Astronautical Congress: Unlocking Imagination, Fostering Innovation and Strengthening Security, IAC 2017 ?, ?(2017) 9035-9039

Liang W, Cui X, Raymond L, Gu L, Charles C, Boswell R, Davila J
A compact RF power inverter with reduced EMI for a CubeSat electrothermal micro-Thruster
18th IEEE Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics, COMPEL 2017 ?, ?(2017) 6

Liang W, Raymond L, Davila J, Charles C, Boswell R
Structurally supportive RF power inverter for a CubeSat electrothermal plasma micro-thruster with PCB inductors
32nd Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC 2017 ?, ?(2017) 2141-2145

Takahashi K, Charles C, Boswell R, Ando A
Laboratory demonstration of space debris removal by a bi-directional helicon plasma thruster
68th International Astronautical Congress: Unlocking Imagination, Fostering Innovation and Strengthening Security, IAC 2017 ?, ?(2017) 3709-3715

Bulla D, Li W, Charles C, Boswell R, Love J
Optical Losses in Silica Rib Waveguides Deposited by HARE-PECVD on Silicon Substrate
Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology (ACOFT 2005) ?, ?(2005) 303-305

Li W, Bulla D, Love J, Boswell R, Charles C
Reduction of the Sidewall Roughness of Silica Optical Waveguides
Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology (ACOFT 2005) ?, ?(2005) 472-474

Bulla D, Li W, Charles C, Boswell R, Love J
OH Absorption Peak on Silica Planar Waveguide Deposited by HARE-PECVD
Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology (ACOFT 2004) ?, ?(2004) ACOFT-PO4-1-3

Li W, Bulla D, Love J, Luther-Davies B, Charles C, Boswell R
Dry Etching of SiO₂ Thin Films for Optical Waveguide Fabrication
Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology (ACOFT 2004) ?, ?(2004) ACOFT-PO19-1-3

Bulla D, Li W, Charles C, Boswell R, Love J
Geometry Effects upon the Transmission Loss in Optical Rib Waveguides Fabricated using Chemical Etching
COIN and Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology (COIN/ACOFT 2003) ?, ?(2003) 748-751

Au V, Love J, Charles C, Bulla D
Stress and Mode Characterisation of Helicon Activated Reactive Evaporation Films and Rib Waveguides
Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology (ACOFT 2002) ?, ?(2002) 15-18

Bulla D, Li W, Luther-Davies B, Charles C, Boswell R, Love J
Ge-Doped Silica Optical Waveguide Fabrication by HARE-PED
Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology (ACOFT 2002) ?, ?(2002) 50-52

Li W, Bulla D, Charles C, Boswell R, Love J, Luther-Davies B
Reactive Evaporated Ge-SiO₂ Thin Films for Planar Waveguide Application
Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology (ACOFT 2002) ?, ?(2002) 68-71

(14 publications)

Journal short contribution

Takahashi K, Charles C, Boswell R, Takao Y, Fruchtman A, Navarro-Cavall? J, Merino M
Commentary: On helicon thrusters: Will they ever fly?
Frontiers in Physics 8, 277(2020) 1-3

Byhring H, Charles C, Fredriksen A, Boswell R
"Erratum: "Double layer in an expanding plasma: Simultaneous upstream and downstream measurements""
Physics of Plasmas 16, 7(2009) 079903

(2 publications)

Journal article (non-refereed)

Charles C
Plasma propulsion
Australian Physics 45, 6(2008) 196-198

(1 publications)