Here, I outline the work that myself and members of two research collectives - GRG (Geoarchaeology Research Group) and TropArch (Tropical Archaeobotany Research Group) - have done over the last 8 years (or so) using microCT, as well as with QEMSCAN and optical microscopy. The research is grouped around three themes of global archaeological interest: the transition to sedentary living, the domestication of plants, and the emergence of agriculture. Although inter-related, these themes are conceptually distinct. I highlight how these techniques have augmented archaeological interpretations and also outline ongoing and future lines of research.